Strategies of CSR in Business

Strategies of CSR in Business EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: This is a business report submission of my Understanding of approaches to Business Management, strategic planning and Corporate Social Responsibility challenges in Micro, SMEs and Corporate Businesses or organisations. INTRODUCTION I would like to look into the definitions or meaning of sustainability in business, strategic planning and CSR, before I commence fully on this report. Strategic planning:-Its the concise and clear plan that is put in place for a business to achieve and meet its objectives and goals if the organisation wants to survive, succeed and thrive. Sustainability: according to (Cavusgil, 2017) Meeting humanitys needs without harming the future generations. Corporate Social Responsibility : definition hasnt been widely accepted according to (Godfrey and Hatch, 2007), but its definition simply is corporate social responsibility and this is not just limited to multinational companies but to micro, small medium sized enterprises as well, in that it has a responsibility to its stakeholders and shareholders in dealing with their needs in ensuring that trading is ethical and that employees have rights within the organisation, aiding the   the community as well is impacted positively   and that the environment is not negatively affected with their business dealings and no illegal dealings in their transactions but home and abroad. DIFFERENT APPROACHES OF MICRO, SMEs AND CORPORATE BUSINESS TO BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, PLANNING AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY According to (Eweje, 2014) findings   is that Multinational enterprise that are in operation in developing countries do contribute to job creation growth and development and poverty alleviation there, but when compared to developed countries they do not pay much attention to CSR and sustainability. In SMEs operations since they do not usually have enough capital and have fewer employees compared to corporate business enterprise, this makes them more adaptable in their business dealings and transactions either locally or internationally. Business plan so that they can achieve their goals e.g. in using the swot analysis by analysing situation internally which is the strength and weakness of the organisation and external analysis looking at the strength and weaknesses. Its through corporate governance that multinational companies ensure that corporate social responsibility, sustainability and strategic management are been undertaken. For Micro, SMEs and corporate Businesses, their approach to Corporate social responsibility is quite similar in that they ensure that the human rights of their employees are a priority, ensuring that employees do have a right to join any union, health and safety is been observed at workplace, also that there is no child labourer working for the organisation and that they do not contribute to global warming e.g. recycling,   no illegal dealings either nationally or internationally, and that they support poverty alleviation in developing countries. DIFFERENT TYPES OF STRATEGIES THAT BUSINESSES USE TO OPERATE IN AN ETHICAL AND SUSTAINABLE WAY When companies observe Corporate Social Responsibility and basically incorporate it into the daily culture of the organisation they are behaving in an ethical manner. When an organisation, firm or enterprise observe some of this practices such as ensuring that there is no water wastage by recycling it, clean water, minimises air pollution, reducing an organisations carbon footprint ensure health and safety at workplace, they are operating in a sustainable way that will lead them having a competitive advantage over other companies. Also they are operating strategically and in a sustainable way when a company looks for ways to ensure that it makes an impact in the community by creating jobs locally, probably in a community that it is obvious that it is disadvantaged. If it does not use children as staff i.e. child labour or does not do anything that might negatively impact the health and wellbeing of its worker, wages and salaries should be fair, recruitment as well should not be discriminating   a safe working environment, creating opportunities for career development or improving skills of employees, which will lead to employees been retained rather than looking for other job opportunities that will improve their prospects in the future, also providing benefits for those that will eventually retire, which will make employees have something to look forward to. Ensuring also that pollution is not an issue and that waste are been reduced in their manufacturing processes. HOW COCA COLA, ADNAMs AND SMEs IMPLEMENT CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Coca cola implementing corporate social responsibility in India, according to (Vikalpa 2014, p.100) in summary, Coca-Cola in India   initiated   some steps   in   implementing   sustainability when there was scarcity of water in the region of Rajasthan,   they provided irrigation that led to the supply of water   to farmers   by doing this they   were able to provide water to the local communities , this action   enabled them to gain the confidence of the villagers   and the initially sceptical   eventually developed   trust in them   and also ended up cooperating with them. Coca cola invited the villagers and their leaders to come to the factory and see their water management processes, they used resources, labourer, contractors from the community and they ensured they were quite open in the use of the funds REFERENCES Cavusgil S Tamer, Knight G, Riesenberger John R. (2017) International business [electronic resource] : the new realities :Pearson, Global Edition, 4th Edition Eweje .Gabriel.(2014) Corporate social responsibility and sustainability [electronic resource] : emerging trends in developing economies   :Emerald Publishing,2014 Godfrey PC, Hatch NW.2007.Researching corporate social responsibility: An agenda for the 21st century.journal of business Ethics 70(1):87-98. Maria-Alejandra, Gonzalez-Perez and Liam Leonard.(2013) International business, sustainability and corporate social responsibility [electronic resource] : Emerald,2013 Paul J and Adrian Woods. (2001) Strategic Management: a fresh approach to developing skills, knowledge and creativity Chaklader B and Gautam N, 2014, Efficient Water Management through Public-Private Partnership Model: An Experiment in CSR by Coca-Cola India: Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision makers. Jan-Mar2014, Vol. 39 Issue 1, p97-104. 8p.

Creationsim vs. Evolution :: Science Religion Essays

Creationsim vs. Evolution Intro Who or what really is our greatest of great ancestors? Most major religions and early groups of people have an answer to this common question. The Greek myths declare that only Geia (the Earth) and a great sea of Chaos were in the beginning, and in a soap opera fashion the gods eventually came forth, who eventually created humans (Bierlein 47-8). The Chippewa/Algonquin Native Americans believe that the great Earth Mother had two sons, a good one and a bad one that ended up creating the plants, animals, and humans (61). In the Christian, scientific Western Hemisphere, we believe in two possible answers -- one, that we descended from Adam, who was created from the mingling of the dirt of the ground with God's breath into His image (a doctrine held by religious Creationism), or two, that we evolved from monkeys which evolved from bacteria, which evolved from non-living chemicals and lightning (the scientific theory of evolution). These two theories both have credibility - the Bible is one of the oldest and most extensive historical documents we have, recorded with great precision, while evolution is very logical and builds on numerous scientific disciplines. Yet creation and evolution seem diametrically opposed. If we were created randomly and purposelessly, as evolution suggests, then the creation account of a sculptor molding his clay to make man appears erroneous. So scientists often call the Genesis account a â€Å"myth† – a story conceived by early man to explain away his questions. Christians are often offended by implications like these, and end up attacking science’s claims. In turn, many scientists feel distaste for people who don't accept their elegant theory and their mounds of evidence, and thus reject the others' view. Though a war has been established pinning these two theories against each other, this dichotomy is actually a false one. Christians do not need to give up their faith and scientists can start believing in God. These two clashing but persuasive theories, creation and evolution, can be reconciled. First, these theories need to be defined. Definition Evolution is the theory that all living organisms can be traced back to a common ancestor, which came into being from non-living elements, by natural laws. Darwin’s contribution to this theory was the mechanism by which species could evolve – natural selection.

Barn Burning Essay -- essays papers

Barn Burning â€Å"Barn Burning† by William Faulkner was written in the ebb of the 1930’s in a decade of social, economic, and cultural decline. This story offers insight into the past years for students to learn of the nation and the South. This story shows the racial segregation that took place in these times between the white landowners and white tenant farmers, the blacks and the whites, and the poor white trash class and the blacks. The Snopes’s family was in the social class of the poor, white tenant farmers. The father, Abner Snopes, had to struggle to provide for his family. In the family there were the mother and her sister, two daughters, and two sons. The older son, Flem, worked with Abner, and the younger son, Sarty, helped with the chores. Sarty, along with others, had trouble understanding his father’s way of life and his attitude towards society. Abner was a harsh man. His crusade as a sharecropper exploited his inner feelings of resentment towards the landowners. Having little or no patience with each new situation, he resorted to the only ...

Romanticism: Coleridge

More than anything else, Romanticism is a celebration of Self; and, to the Romantic composer, it was the expression of a personal experience that links one human being to another and all human beings to the larger truth. ‘ A multitude of modes and doctrines encapsulated the Romantic revolt, the basis of which lie within such tenets as imagination, individualism and idealism.This paved the way for Romantic composers such as Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsmith to convey an appreciation of personal experiences within the bounties of the natural world, as well s to celebrate one's comprehension of the inner self, in order to ultimately link individuals to one another and to the larger truth of life.Texts such as Coleridge This Lime Tree Bower my Prison and Frost at Midnight , as well as Wordsmith's I wandered lonely as a cloud (also known as ‘Daffodils') capture the myriad of newfound emotions and realizations which permeated the principles of Romanticism, and the h eightened value of one's sense of self and experiences which aided the association of humankind with the facets of nature, and each other. To the Romantics, the natural world was a sanctuary in which individuals were entitled the eight to self-expression and connection to the raw marrow of existence.In This Lime Tree Bower my Prison, Samuel Taylor Coleridge outlines how an appreciation of nature (a highly Romantic outlook) may result in a greater understanding of Self and connection to others, as well as to the universe and beyond. In his imaginative journey, Coleridge (1797) stimulates the reader's senses with his vivid description of the â€Å"roaring dell, redwood's, narrow, deep†. The onomatopoeic resonance of â€Å"roaring† is repeated to resemble the continual sound produced by the moving water, utilizing Coleridge detailed use of imagination to psychologically transport himself to the described site.From this, Coleridge is celebrating his newfound realization of self, that he is simply content with the fact that nature is all-surrounding, acting as liberation to the soul even on the darkest of days. Coleridge also celebrates the experience as a reflection to the connection he has with his companion Charles Lamb (to whom the poem is dedicated), as they both share the same passion for nature. Coleridge mentions that Charles â€Å"Struck with deep Joy may stand, as I have stood, Silent with swimming sense†¦The alliteration of ‘s' allows the audience to absorb the intoxication and great passion felt by both Charles and Coleridge, that ultimately, their shared interest in nature allowed them to become closer to not only one another- but to the Greater Power. Durra (1959, p. 519) outlines and supports the aforementioned presence of connection as he mentions â€Å"the poet's soul in Joyous communion with man, nature, and God,† implying that, indeed, Romantic notions encapsulate Coleridge celebration of Self and expression of ex periences which outline connections with others and the larger truth.Similarly, the power of Romantic attributes towards one's sense of Self and connections is deeply rooted within Coleridge Frost at Midnight (1798) whereby the serene appreciation of the natural world allowed the persona to emancipate his psyche from troublesome societal practices. The persona (presumably Coleridge) employs imagery to represent the school he attended as a prison: â€Å"l gazed upon the bars†¦ Awed by the stern preceptor's face†¦ So that he may portray his formal education as ineffectual, and that a lack of Romantic exposure to the natural world deprives the soul of enrichment ND identity. To his son, Coleridge wishes otherwise- an education amidst nature whereby he â€Å"shall wonder like a breeze. † This simile emphasizes the babe's future freedom in learning from the â€Å"Great Universal Teacher† (God), as Coleridge determines that â€Å"he shall McCollum thy spirit†¦ From this, it is clear that Coleridge is not only at ease and confidence with his son's future education, but with his own richness of faith and understanding of his place in life- his sense of Self- which is ultimately due to Coleridge later exposure to Romantic notions, as oppose to his early years. Furthermore, this reflection allowed Coleridge to strengthen his understanding of -and connection to- the greater world, as Sunders (1967, p. 34) states that â€Å". .. He very centre of Coleridge system is his belief that the imaginative mind is never static, and that its dislocation from time and space is really a mode of its essential union with all time and space. † Thus, Coleridge was aware that his imagination allowed for a closer connection and harmony to the components of time and space. It can hence be seen that the poems of Samuel Taylor Coleridge demonstrate that indeed, the Romantic Movement was vital for one's outward elaboration of self, and expression of experi ences which link humanity to one another and ultimately, to the larger truth.In addition, William Wordsmith (a Romantic composer) allowed for the expression of Self and connective experiences to become apparent in his works, such as his overtly Romantic poem I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud (or ‘Daffodils'-1802). In congruency to Coleridge This Lime Tree Bower my Prison, the persona gains solace when in dismal times, simply upon recollecting the various beauties and bounties of nature in his mind's eye. In the opening lines, Wordsmith employs simile in description of his swift movement across the valley to be â€Å"†¦ s lonely as a cloud, that floats on high o'er vales and hills† the enjambment between these lines indicates Wordsmith's confident sense of self, that he is most aware of whom he would like to be, and is content and comfortable as such. Wordsmith Romantically personifies the daffodils as â€Å"Fluttering and dancing in the breeze†¦ Tossing their head s in sprightly dance† so as to portray them as an integral part of his comfort, having equal importance as positive human company for his connection to the larger truth of life and its natural features. Race (1990, p. 7) mentions in his commentary that â€Å"Wordsmith invites us to remember with him, imprisoned in our solitudes, the universal order of which we ourselves, the waves, the trees, the daffodils, and the stars, are all individual parts†¦ † And that the poem's Romantic essence places emphasis on â€Å"the relations of man and nature†¦ † From this, the audience may infer that this expression of connection and self-realization was only achieved by Wordsmith due to his Romantic reflection and appreciation. It can henceforth be concluded that, upon analysis of Coleridge This Lime Tree Bower my

Nonverbal Communication: a Serious Business Advantage

Business Advantage 2 Nonverbal Communication: A Serious Business Advantage Whether it is called intuition or just good judgment, the ability to perceive and to use nonverbal cues to one’s advantage gives the business person the power and the skill to be more successful. T. S. Eliot wrote in The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, â€Å"There will be time, there will be time / To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet. † Perhaps he meant that those in business must be prepared in such a way as to make their face agree with the message that the consumer expects to receive.The communication experts agree that when two people have a face-to-face conversation only a small fraction of the total message they share is actually contained in the words they use. A portion of the message is contained in the tone of voice, accent, speed, volume, and inflection. However, approximately 93 percent of it is understood through nonverbal communication behaviors (Source needed). The c ombination of gestures, postures, facial expressions, and even clothing can support or interfere with the verbal messages that a person delivers.The importance of nonverbal cues in the business world has not been studied extensively, but it only makes sense that it can have a strong impact on any communication within or outside the business realm. For instance, selling is an area where the nonverbal actions can make or break a deal. People are unlikely to want to buy from a sales person who refuses to make eye contact, who has poor posture, who lacks energy, and who seems unconvinced about the products and services represented. The importance of nonverbal communication in conjunction with appropriate verbal skills can make a difference to the success of a business transaction.Therefore, this paper will Business Advantage 3 examine nonverbal communication as an important and integral component for business organizations and will determine nonverbal cues that are beneficial for succes sful business interactions. The ability to perceive and use nonverbal cues to one’s advantage gives the business person the power to be successful. Nonverbal communication includes any part of the body used by a person to send a message to another person. A person’s dress, attitude and movements are all contributions to personal business transactions.Sentence and Verbal CommunicationThese cues can help a business owner get the message across or be able to correctly interpret a message received from a customer. Often the nonverbal messages express true feelings more accurately than the actual words. A study by Fatt (1998), notes that any communication in interpersonal relationships is insufficient with just mere words (p. 1). Consequently, he states, â€Å"Nonverbal communication thus becomes the yardstick against which words and intentions are measured† (p. 1). The most common use of nonverbal communication in business has been in marketing research.It is used t o determine consumers’ attitudes towards new products. For example, executives watching a focus test group pay more attention to the nonverbal cues of the group. They are able to more closely identify the test group’s true feelings by observing their body language, facial expressions and eye contact. Facial expressions especially are particularly helpful as they can show hidden emotions that contradict their verbal statements (Remland, 1981, p. 18). Additionally, in business settings, the way one is viewed affects his transactions. Martin Remland (1981) writes that as much as 90 percent of a manager’s time is spentBusiness Advantage 4 communicating with others face-to-face (p. 2). Therefore, business people especially managers have to present themselves as a complete package that includes knowledge of their products, appropriate dress, and adequate use of nonverbal behaviors that depicts sincerity and trustworthiness. Nonverbal behavior is a major component of p ower perception in a business setting. Within a business, the main function of nonverbal communication is to facilitate relationships. Organizations have two major sectors—management and staff—who are usually at odds with each other.According to Aguinis and Henle (2001), â€Å"The effective use of power and the perceptions of one’s power by subordinates, peers and superiors are critical determinants of managerial and organizational success† (p. 537). In this study on perception of power bases, Aquinis and Henle used three specific nonverbal behaviors—eye contact, facial expression, and body posture (p. 538). They defined power as the â€Å"potential of an agent to alter a target’s behavior, intentions, attitude, beliefs, emotion, or values† (p. 538). They also used French and Raven’s power taxonomy that includes five types (p. 538).The first is reward power that means the target believes he can get â€Å"something† from the agent. Second is the coercive power where the target thinks the agent can and will punish him. The third power is legitimate power where the target must obey what the agent requests. Referent power is the need for the target to be associated with the agent. Lastly, the expert power is the target’s belief that the agent is very knowledgeable. Using these definitions of power in vignettes, Aguinis and Henle manipulated one employee’s nonverbal behavior while asking a second employee to rate the power base.Business Advantage 5 They found that direct eye contact and a relaxed facial expression increased perception of power except for coercive power. Body posture had no effect at all. There are other less sophisticated indicators that also signify status. These include behaviors and appearance cues such as clothing, age, gender, and race. In a study by Mast and Hall (2004), the accuracy of judging other people’s status based on behavioral and appearance cues was investigated. They found that only one cue was used to determine if a woman was in higher status.That was a downward head tilt. In males, the observers used both formal dress and a forward lean (p. 161). Mast and Hall also indicated that erect posture was not indicative of status in their research (p. 161). Communication experts agree that in face-to-face communication 93 percent of the message is nonverbal and only seven percent is in the actual words which is absolutely necessary to understand in a business setting. Garside and Kleiner (1991) state, â€Å"This implies that what we say is not as important as how we say it† (p. 26).Today’s businesses need employees who are not only knowledgeable in their field but who also have exceptional interpersonal skills. It is understood that most successful executives prefer verbal communication because it allows them to read body language and to hear tone of voice. Fatt (1998) believes that knowledge of nonverbal processes of communication can improve business success. According to Fatt, â€Å"†¦face-to-face communication, which is heavily weighted with nonverbal information stimulates the greatest number of senses, and provides more complete information than any other mode† (p. ). Business Advantage 6 Since knowledge of nonverbal processes can enhance business success, it is important to recognize and use appropriate nonverbal cues. The first of these is face-to-face communication which provides immediate feedback that allows the business person to modify one’s approach to meet the needs of each encounter. In a research study by Graham, Unruh, and Jennings (1991), they gathered information on the importance of nonverbal feedback to accurate assessments in business transactions.Their findings indicated that nonverbal communication was important to all surveyed and showed that most relied on facial expressions for accurate information. Their recommendations for businesses included, â₠¬Å"†¦paying more attention to nonverbal cues, engaging in more eye contact, and probing for more information when verbal and nonverbal cues are discrepant† (p. 60). One way to do so is through reinforcement behavior that demonstrates approval or disapproval. Also, response-matching is a way in which the business person uses a similar style of speech, posture, or gestures.Thirdly, accommodation is a way of adjusting to personal styles of those involved. It involves â€Å"issues of territoriality, dominance and/or submissiveness, and intimacy† (Fatt, 1998, p. 5). Professionals must use this feedback to note the body language to modify and adjust to the receiver’s behaviors. Another factor to consider is that face-to-face also allows a portion of the message to be contained in vocal elements. These include tone of voice, speed, volume and inflection (Graham et al. , p. 58). Establishing rapport is also a valuable result of face-to-face communication.Rapport is essential in building good business relations with customers and co-workers. It helps Business Advantage 7 to communicate understanding and acceptance of the other person. There are behaviors that greatly contribute to establishing a personal relationship. These include: a sincere smile, a relaxed open stance, a slight lean towards the other person, and maintained eye contact. Mirroring is a very useful technique that can send as well as receive subtle nonverbal messages. In order to mirror another person, it is necessary to match their rate of breathing, speak at the same rate of speech and in their tone of voice.It is also necessary to assume a similar posture and body language to confirm rapport and a comfortable environment. According to Fatt, â€Å"A salesperson who mirror customer’s behavior well and out of a sincere desire to communicate or to be of service usually established a strong rapport with a customer† (p. 6). A business person also utilizes information from nonverbal sources to overcome any barriers to communication with clients. Effective communication is an important aspect of management and sales positions.By decoding nonverbal behaviors, business people can increase their knowledge and understanding of what the client desires. In the first initial contact first impressions can affect both sides of the business transaction. Therefore, a a person who displays confidence has a great advantage in developing rapport and trust with business associates. One’s ability to signal trustworthiness is a significant result of knowledge of nonverbal communication. In a research study conducted by Wood (2006), the findings were that â€Å"nonverbal signals are a particularly important mode of communication between the sender and receiver† (p. 02). Wood also stated that there is an â€Å"importance of the immediate encounter between salespeople and Business Advantage 8 customers. During the first encounter, these nonverbal signa ls are sought out, perceived, and used by customers in their assessment of the trustworthiness of salespeople† (p. 202). Therefore, by using and focusing on nonverbal techniques, the business person can give signals of trustworthiness. Additionally, Wood found that for salespeople all nonverbal signals have a significant impact on the customers (p. 202).Along with confidence, the business person must have an adequate knowledge of reading nonverbal signals. For those with confidence, this type of communication is very natural and they give little thought to it. They greet customers and associates with a firm handshake that send a statement about their confidence. In addition, unflinching eye contact is a sign of frankness and interest which are both essential to sway and sell. David Morand (2001) presented research that suggested management also needed to be able to appraise emotional expressions of customers.He stated, â€Å"Sensing others’ emotional states is obviousl y a skill central to the whole notion of interpersonal communicative competency† (p. 23). He found that it was essential for â€Å"managers to have the ability to decode messages sent by others, specifically focusing on messages existing at a nonverbal emotional level† (p. 23). There are also nontraditional uses of nonverbal communication in the business setting. For instance, the business facility makes a visible statement that reflects its own perceptions. It makes a visible statement about its culture and the way business is done at that facility.One example of this is the head-quarters of Bank of America. It is a very dark, large structure that looms over all the other buildings near it. This sends a powerful message of the perceptions of their company image (Fatt, 1998, p. 2). Larson and Kleiner Business Advantage 9 (2004) claim, â€Å"A company with a strong culture and a lot of pride in itself will typically reflect that pride through its physical environmentâ⠂¬  (p. 2). Additionally, the office furnishings give more information to customers. The furniture of employees gives clues as to the status of that person in the company.If one is on the bottom of the work hierarchy, there probably would be a small, cheaply-made desk with a small chair. The next class would add arms to the chair and some other piece of furniture. Management would have larger desks, a bookshelf and a table. Finally, the top executives would have plush carpeting and a sofa in addition to what those below had (p. 2). Included in the physical aspects of a business is the office environment. Businesses that are more open with very few walls rely on constant communication. They send the message that there are few barriers to communication.They physical aspects of a business help customers to gain insight into the organization and to the people who work within it (Larson & Kleiner, p. 3). Another nontraditional use of nonverbal communication in the business setting is th rough the use of computers with growing online businesses. Online businesses are at a disadvantage without the assistance of nonverbal interactions. However, according to Timothy Bickmore (2004), there is a huge need for programs that recognize and receive nonverbal signals in order to increase sales volume (p. 9). In addition, many companies are utilizing text messaging and instant messaging for customer assistance. Qiu and Benbasat (2005) investigated advancement for programming to develop a trust relationship since this medium is void of any nonverbal signals (p. 75). They state, â€Å"With the help of emerging multimedia technologies, companies can now use computer- Business Advantage 10 generated voice and humanoid avatars to embody customer service representatives, thus enriching the interactive experiences of their customers† (p. 75).Bickmore adds, â€Å"Embodied conversational agents (ECAs) are animated humanoid computer characters that emulate face-to-face conversat ions through the use of hand gestures, facial display, head motion, gaze behavior, body posture, and speech intonation† (p. 39). However, Bickmore also states, â€Å"There is no cookbook defining all of the rules for human face-to-face interaction that human-computer interface practitioners can simply implement† (p. 44). Until ECAs are fully functioning, companies should continue with the proven face-to-face interactions to improve sales volume.Because businesses try to eliminate unnecessary travel and expenses, they are utilizing such mediums as videoconferencing. Even though videoconferencing can replace business meetings, there are disadvantages. The immediate feedback that comes with face-to-face contains cues from the facial expression, voice inflection, and gestures is often not as effective with videoconferencing. For instance, Bekkering and Shim (2006) state, â€Å"With a slow signal, it may appear to the viewer that the speaker hesitates, and hesitation in ans wering is generally considered to be a sign of dishonesty† (p. 105).Another concern is that the camera used can be manipulated to improve one’s advantage such as making one appear taller and giving more influence over the meeting. A third concern involves turn-taking cues. â€Å"In face-to-face conversations, participants alternate speaking and listening by using an intricate mechanism of verbal and nonverbal cues† (p. 105). These researchers go on to say that in videoconferencing one gives up eye contact because it is distorted by separation of screen and camera (p. 105). This infers Business Advantage 11 that perhaps the speaker is being deceptive, and, thus, there is a lack of trust.Therefore, business people will find face-to-face communication a better source of feedback as well as a better rapport builder. Ralph Waldo Emerson said, â€Å"What you do speaks so loud that I cannot hear what you say† (Inspirational Quotes). This has never been truer than in today’s business world. There is a vital link between nonverbal communication and business success. Because of this, body language and other nonverbal cues are communication tools that are too powerful to be ignored. Nonverbal communication can enhance a business person’s powers to persuade while removing any communication barriers with clients.It can improve relationships between the work hierarchies, thus changing the work atmosphere to be more productive. Additionally, it can serve in a nontraditional manner where the business facility itself makes a statement about the company image. The uses of understanding nonverbal communication in a work environment are endless. Therefore, there is still a definite need for training in this area for all employees of a business. This training would complete the business person’s package that includes required knowledge of the business represented, charisma, and employability skills.In conclusion, since effective comm unication is based on skills, and skills can be learned, then communication abilities can be improved in the business environment. It is an integral part of hearing what is said in a business transaction. Business Advantage 12 References Aguinis, H. , & Henle, C. (2001). Effects of nonverbal behavior on perceptions of a female employee’s power base. Journal of Social Psychology, 141(4), 537-549. Retrieved March 27, 2007, from EBSCOhost database (6002448). Bekkering, E. , & Shim, J. P. (2006). i2i Trust in videoconferencing. Communications of the ACM, 49(7), 103-107.Retrieved March 27, 2007, from EBSCOhost database (21469769). Bickmore, T. W. (2004). Unspoken rules of spoken interactions. Communications of the ACM, 47(4), 38-44. Retrieved March 27, 2007, from EBSCOhost database (12713418). Fatt, J. P. (1998). Nonverbal communication and business success. Management Research News, 21(4/5), 1-8. Retrieved March 27, 2007, from Proquest database (295500641). Garside, S. G. , & Kle iner, B. H. (1991). Effective one-to-one communication skills. Industrial and Commercial Training, 23(7), 24-27. Retrieved April 12, 2007, From EBSCOhost database (4636901). Graham, G. H. Unruh, J. , & Jennings, P. (1991). The impact of nonverbal communication in organizations: A survey of perceptions. Journal of Business Communication, 28(1), 45-62. Retrieved April 12, 2007, from EBSCOhost database (5765878). Inspirational quotes for business and work: Nonverbal communication. Retrieved March 18, 2007 from http://humanresources. about. com/od/interpersonalcommunicatio1/ Business Advantage 13 a/quotes_nonverb. htm Larson, J. , &Kleiner B. (2004). How to read nonverbal communication in organizations. Management Research News, 27(4/5), 17-22. Retrieved March 27, 2007, fromProquest database (656765051). Mast, M. S. , & Hall, J. A. (2004). Who is the boss and who is not? accuracy of judging status. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 28(3), 145-165. Morand, D. A. (2001). The emotional intell igence of managers: Assessing the construct validity of a nonverbal measure of â€Å"people skills†. Journal of Business and Psychology, 16(1), 21-33. Qiu, L. , & Benbasat, I. (2005). Online consumer trust and live help interfaces: The effects of test-to-speech voice and three-dimensional avatars. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 19(1), 75-94. Retrieved March 7, 2007, from EBSCOhost database (18324428). Remland, M. (1981). Developing leadership skills in nonverbal communication: A situational perspective. Journal of Business Communication, 18(3), 18-29. Retrieved April 12, 2007, from EBSCOhost database (5765673). Wood, J. A. (2006). NLP revisited: nonverbal communications and signals of trustworthiness. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 26(2), 197-204. Retrieved March 27, 2007 from EBSCOhost database (6456374). Business Advantage 1 Nonverbal Communication: A Serious Business Advantage Wesley George Nonverbal Communication Dr. Lynn Meade Apr il 27, 2007

Hunting and Temptation Scenes in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Essay

Hunting and Temptation Scenes in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight - Essay Example It is obvious that the author was motivated to spend such great effort and space in such action scenes; this paper will examine the meaning and significance of the hunting and temptation scenes in the poem. It is an acknowledged fact that medieval people loved fables, particularly stories of animals with human qualities as portrayed by the rooster in Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales; medieval people believed that certain animals were capable of emotions, spirituality as well as intelligence. An exploration of the popular believes about the habits and temper of animals that were hunted by the medieval people is crucial to drawing parallels between the hunt outside and inside the castle, between the lady of the house and Gawain (Savage 1). The medieval huntsman distinguished the hunted animals into two classes, ‘beasts of venery’ and ‘beasts of the chase’; the first class comprised of the male and female red deer, the wild boar and the wolf while the second o ne consisted of the male or female deer and the fox. Generally, the fox was known for its slyness and duplicity while the deer was considered honorable yet elusive to the hunt; the boar, while elusive, was capable of facing its assailant and striking back. In the poem, the story revolves around testing Gawain’s chivalry as while Bercilak hunts three animals, the deer, the boar and the fox, Gawain is pursued by the lady in the castle (Reutter 80); it is evident that the author has drawn parallels between the hunted animals and the temptations of Gawain in the castle. On the first day, the hunt is for a deer, which metaphorically represents the innocence and purity of Gawain as a highly decorated knight; the author offers a considerably lengthy and detailed description of the hunt and the eventual capture of the deer to highlight its symbolic significance.

The role of SHIPPING BUSINESS in the ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT of a country Assignment

The role of SHIPPING BUSINESS in the ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT of a country is important. Hence, MARITIME TRANSPORT plays a significant role in that development. Discuss - Assignment Example e significant for the movement of the goods and services are fixed infrastructures, means of transportation and organizational system which is quite significant for ensuring that ships and fixed infrastructures are used in an effective and efficient manner (Samija, n.d.). Since its foundation in the 3200 BC as Egyptian coastal sail ships, it can be observed that the maritime transportation has endorsed in the global trade. It was during 1200 BC, most of the Egyptian ships were found to trade as far as Sumatra which has been observed to be one of the lengthy maritime routes of that particular time. European regal powers, generally England, Netherlands, Spain and France were the first countries to develop a worldwide maritime trade network. Maritime transportation can be considered as a derived demand. It has been noticed that seaborne trade led to 89.6% of the world business and 70.1% in terms of value in 2006 (Tamiotti & et. al., 2009). When considered in terms of ownership, maritime shipping is found to be a globalised industry. Maritime transportation is geographical by its physical characteristics, strategic in terms of control as well as commercial in terms of usage and thus tends to run on its own space similar to land and air modes. Rivers and oceans are considered to be the two main components of physiography of maritime transportation. Modifications made to the water canals, augmentation of the size and specialization of vessels have been because of the technological alterations that had a major impact upon the water transport. It has been noted that the significance and configuration of maritime route has altered with economic developments as well as technical developments (Rodrigue & et. al., n.d.) A noteworthy characteristic of the economies of shipping is mainly focused upon its capital costs thereby demanding financing. It is due to their size, ships demonstrate a noteworthy capital outlay. One of the crucial benefits of maritime transportation is